ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to find out the relationship between the various components of sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limb and independency in daily living activities in stroke patients
Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study which included 40 hemiplegic patients. The patients were between 30 and 70 years of age and selected on a non random basis from rehabilitation clinics in Tehran. We used Fugel-Meyer assessment in order to assess sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limbs. Evaluation of independency in basic and instrumental activity of daily living was performed by using Barthel Index and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman coefficient
Results: There was a significant relationship between hemiplegic lower limb motor function and independency in BADL [P=0.002, r =0.482] and IADL [P=0.001, r =0.494]. There was also a significant correlation between hemiplegic lower limb corrdination and speed and independency in BADL [P<0.001, r =0.601] and IADL [P<0.001, r =0.557]. Hemiplegic lower limb joint pain had significant correlation only with independency in BADL [P=0.009, r =0.410]. Hemiplegic lower limb sensation and passive joint motion had no significant correlation with independency in BADL and IADL. There was a significant correlation between hemiplegic lower limb sensorimotor function and independency in BADL [P=0.002, r =0.477] and IADL [P<0.001, r =0.495]
Conclusion: The results of our study showed a relationship between hemiplegic lower limb sensorimotor function and independency in daily living activities in the stroke patients. Therefore, different components of the lower extremity sensorimotor function should be considered in the rehabilitation programs for the hemiplegic patients
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, sedative drugs are the main therapeutic measures to attenuate the opioid withdrawal symptoms. These drugs have side effects, mainly dependency. However, physical therapies are found to be safe and without any serious adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cupping, a kind of physical treatment, on morphine withdrawal symptoms in the rats. In this study male Wistar rats weighting 225-275gr were used. The animals were randomly assigned to 8 groups [n=10] and treated with morphine [dependent groups] or saline [nondependent groups]. The dependent groups received the additive doses of the morphine twice a day for nine days in order to induce dependency. Afterward, cupping was conducted on the GV14 acupuncture point either one time before withdrawal induction or daily in addition to administration of morphine or saline. In the control groups, the cup was just placed on the point without any vacuum induction. On the ninth day, 30 minutes after administration of saline or morphine, all groups received naloxone injection and the withdrawal symptoms including jumping, rearing, body grooming, abdominal-writhing, and wet-dog shaking were recorded for 60 minutes. The results revealed that a single cupping before the withdrawal induction significantly attenuated the withdrawal symptoms [p<0.01] compared to the control group. However, daily cupping failed to decrease the withdrawal symptoms in the dependent rats. The results also indicated that daily cupping in the non- dependent rats increased the naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms significantly [p<0.01] in comparison to the saline control group. We found that one time cupping before withdrawal induction decreased the withdrawal symptoms which might be the result of the effect of the cupping on releasing the endogenous opioids and gabaergic pathway
ABSTRACT
Root canal therapy [RCT] is the gold standard and commonly used treatment for pulpitis. However, regarding the importance of tooth survival, pulpotomy has become of great concern. The aim of this study was to compare the RCT and vital pulp therapy treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. This was a clinical trial carried out in 4 provinces of Iran including Khorasan Razavi, Tehran, Yazd, and Pars in 2008. Patients were randomly allocated into three arms: The RCT, pulpotomy with CEM, and pulpotomy with MTA. Periapical lesion and percussion test were evaluated at baseline, 6th and 12th month follow ups. Data were analyzed using marginal regression and generalized estimating equations by SAS software version 9.1. The odds ratio of periapical lesion in RCT group was 5.07 times higher than that of pulpotomy with MTA and 3.25 times higher than CEM cement group [P<.001]. The difference between MTA and CEM cement groups was insignificant, statistically. Also, the odds ratio of percussion test failed to show any statistically significant difference in treatment group. In addition, neither the age nor the gender influenced the percussion test and periapical lesion responses, statistically. Regarding the data found in our study, Pulpotomy can be considered as an alternative treatment for RCT
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Therapy , Pulpotomy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Gutta-percha is shown to be the most widely used root canal filing material due to its well-known low toxicity potential. A new kind of gutta-percha with nanosilver coating has synthesized by Iranian researchers and claimed to have antibacterial an antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to compare the cyotoxicity of nanosilver coated gutta-percha, GuttaFlow [GF], with normal gutta-percha [GP] on mouse fibroblast cell line L929. In this in vitro study, cytotoxicity was evaluated by fibroblast cell culture and its direct contact with the test materials. 30 specimens inserted in test tubes and cell survival fraction was estimated by MTT test after Ihour, 24 hour, and 1 week. Two way ANOVA, one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were used for statistical analysis. After 1 hour, cytotoxicity among three 3 test materials was significantly different. Nanosilver coated gutta-percha had the highest cytotoxicity and GuttaFlow the lowest one [P<0.01]. After 24 hour, no significant differences were observed [P=0.37]. After 1 week, GuttaFlow showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than normal gutta-percha and nanosilver gutta-percha [P<0.001]. However, this difference was not significant between nanosilver and normal gutta-percha [P>0.05]. In nanosilver gutta-percha group, the most cytotoxicity was observed after 1 hour while it was decreased with time and became equal to normal gutta-percha after 24 hours and after 1 week, it reached the lowest level among 3 test materials
Subject(s)
Dimethylpolysiloxanes , Drug Combinations , Fibroblasts , Mice , Cell LineABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cephalometric measurements using computerized tracing in comparison with hand tracing of radiographic printouts. A sample was used, consisting of 90 standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs, obtaining from 10 year old male and female patients with normal skeletal and dental components. The radiographs were analyzed by two different observers. The first observer performed the manual and computerized tracing and then the procedure randomly rechecked by the second observer. A total of 13 anatomical landmarks of McNamara analysis were located and angular and linear measurements were obtained. Measurement reproducibility was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]. Differences greater than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Significant differences were found between the methods for [Inferior Airway Space] in females. Cephalometric measurements of most parameters were reproducible for both methods. The study showed that confidence can be increased in tracings obtained from computer-assisted cephalometric analysis. As the discrepancies found between both manual and computerized, were mostly not statistically significant, any differences were minimal and clinically acceptable
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Computers , RadiographyABSTRACT
Hemodialysis is one the most common renal replacement therapies in end stage renal disease. Despite progress in dialysis technology, intradialytic complications occur frequently. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of intradialytic complications and their risk factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals affiliated to Medical University of Hamedan Iran in 2009. 192 patients undergoing hemodialysis participated in this descriptive correlational study. These patients were included in the study using census method. Data were collected by1- a questionnaire which consisted of 3 sections [demographic information, person - related factors and therapy- related factors], 2-a check list and clinical examination [blood pressure and weight measurement]. Content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by 10 nursing experts, 5 staff of hemodialysis wards and 2 nephrologists. Reliability of check list was measured using inter-rater reliability [r=0.98]. Data were collected by the second author. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Findings showed that the most frequent complications include: hypotension [%15.1], muscle cramp[%11.5], nausea[%9.4], headache[%7.8], angina[%2.6], vomiting [%2.1] and itching[%1.6] respectively. Logistic regression analysis, showed a significant correlation between age and cramp [person - related causes] and a significant correlation between hypotension, cramp with vomiting and headache. Moreover, findings showed a significant correlation between nausea with eating during dialysis [patient- related causes]; and between hypotension with dialysis solution [therapy- related causes]. Based on the results of this study, most of intradialytic complications can be prevented. Use of these findings can improve the process of dialysis
ABSTRACT
Today, about 6 million elementary school students are studying in Iran. Due to physical characteristic and special behavior, these students are faced with environmental dangers more than adults. Hygiene and safety physical environment of schools has effective role in the students health.The aim of this research was to determine physical environment health status of public primary school students in Shahrekord city in 2009. In the present descriptive study, all 37 public primary schools of Shahrekord city were surveyed using census methodology.Data were collected through checklist with l05 questions including four sections. Validity tools confirmed content validity. Reliability tools confirmed inter-rater correlation coefficient.Check lists were completed by direct observation and exact measures by standard meter and review and observation documents. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 through two-way variance analysis [p<0.01]. The results showed that health status of school buildings in 100% of schools was appropriate. Equipment and facilities in 47.4% of schools were suitable and in 52 .6% were insufficient. Health facilities status in 36.8%of schools was suitable and in 63.2% was insufficient. Safety physical environment status in 36.8% of schools was suitable and in 63.2% was insufficient. The results also indicated the health status of these buildings scored highest with a mean and standard deviation of 75.6 +/- 3.1 while status of health facilities scored lowest with the mean and standard deviation of 31.2 +/- 4. According to the results hygiene and safety physical environmental status did not have a satisfactory condition. Continuous checking of the condition helps to find weak and strong point in order to plan a better health condition of primary schools
Subject(s)
Hygiene , Safety , Schools , Health StatusABSTRACT
Use of pit and fissure sealants are safe and effective preventive procedures for occlusal caries. Long term retention of pit and fissure sealants is essential for their success and depends partly on the method of fissure preparation. Recently, new technologies such as laser and air abrasion have been used to increase bond of sealants. This in vitro study compared the effect of laser with other methods [air abrasion and conventional] on retention of sealants by measuring micro shear bond strength. This experimental in-vitro study used sound premolar teeth. They were sectioned mesiodistally in order to use the buccal and lingual surfaces. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I samples were prepared with 37% acid phosphoric. Group II samples were exposed to air abrasion and then acid etching. Group III specimens were exposed to Er,Cr:YSGG [2W power] and then acid etching. Bonding was applied on all samples and sealants in microbore tygon tube [0.7 mm in diameter and 1mm height] were cured. Data on micro shear bond strength was measured and analyzed statistically by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Mean micro shear bond strength for group I, II, III, were 23.51[ +/- 6.9], 39.09[ +/- 15.11], 21.44[ +/- 6.18] MPa respectively. A significant statistical difference [P<0.01] was detected in group II [air abrasion with etching] compared with other groups. Considering the smooth surface enamel used in this study, it can be concluded that irradiation of the laser before etching can not increase fissure sealant retention. However, air abrasion technique before etching showed greater sealant retentions
Subject(s)
Lasers, Solid-State , Shear Strength , Dental Bonding , Air Abrasion, Dental , Dental EtchingABSTRACT
Nowadays, taking lateral cephalograms in natural head position is recommended however, the radiographic norms vary in different populations. Performance of cephalometric analysis has become much easier and more accurate using computer software. The aim of present study was to program software for Mesh analysis and constructing two normal Mesh templates for cities of Qazvin and Mashhad. This was a descriptive study in which the Mesh analysis software was programmed by means of Microsoft visual C++ based on Windows XP using My-SQL as database. The samples were NHP cephalograms from 11 to 13 years old adolescence with normal occlusion including 37 [21 girls and 16 boys] in the city of Qazvin and 65 [32 girls and 33 boys] in the city of Mashhad. The cephalograms were scanned and 4 Mesh templates constructed for each gender in each of two cities using Moorees method. The dimensions of each of the 34 landmarks of each template were statistically compared with each other by means of t- test in both boys and girls, separately. Among girls, 38 measures out of 68 [17 width and 21 height] and in boys 20 measures out of 68 [8 width and 12 height] indicated significant statistical differences between two cities. In addition to sex, age, and the dimensions of SN and N-ANS, the ethnical origin of patients should be considered when dentoskeletal analysis of abnormalities is performed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Software , Software Design , AdolescentABSTRACT
Chronic periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The hypothesis that oral espically periodontal, infections systemic implications, is now gaining evidence. In this Case- control study, cases were 45-60 years old patients who had been hospitalized in one of cardiologic care units or emergency wards of Isfahan city such Chamran and Khorshid Shahr hospitals, for acute myocardial infarction [AMI]. Control group had no evidence of acute myocardial infarction, all receiving comprehensive periodontal examination. Information such as age, socioeconomic state, smoking and Dm history were obtained from hospital records and direct interview. Dependent variants attachment loss [AL] and lost teeth have been considered as characteristics of periodontal disease. In this research a total of 56 samples participated in our study, based on informed consent. The association between mean attachment level and number of missing teeth with studied groups were analyzed with paired t -test and SPSS 15 software. Research findings showed that AL index mean in patients group [MI patients] and control group [healthy group] was 3.11 +/- 1.05 and 2.46 +/- .85 and lost teeth index mean in patients group and control group was 7.78 +/- 5.12 and 4.67 +/- 3.47 respectively. The statistical test showed that these differences in both indexes with p<0.05 are significant. According to the findings, we can advise if elders in ordinary dentistry examinations show signs of periodontal disease and have some lost teeth may have higher risks for cardiovascular disease